Control
There is no one-size-fits-all termite control method. The techniques and materials used to control an infestation vary based on the type of termite, home construction and extent of infestation.
There are about 45 termite species in the U.S. Of these species, four are classified as structural pests, meaning they are likely to infest and cause damage to homes and buildings. To target the unique behavior of this pest, termite control includes several different methods.
Soil Treatment
Termiticides can be used for subterranean termite treatment and prevention. These materials can be applied as targeted spot treatments or complete treatments on all potential entry points and infestation areas around a home.
Termite Monitoring & Bait Systems
Monitoring and bait systems can be used for subterranean termite treatment and detection. Since stations have very small amounts of materials, this method has less environmental impact than soil treatments. Bait and monitoring stations can warn homeowners about potential infestations, and offer long-term control for large populations of subterranean termites, including Formosan termites. However, this method is slower-acting than termiticide treatments.
Fumigation
Fumigation is an appropriate treatment for drywood termite infestations that are large, widespread or difficult to access and find. Fumigation is an effective control approach for active infestations but offers no protection against reinfestations.
Heat, Cold & Electronic Treatments
Whole structure heat treatments can effectively control active termite colonies that are accessible to treatment. Small, localized drywood termite infestations - such as those in furniture - can be treated with heat or extreme cold. Electronic and microwave treatments also may be used for localized drywood termite infestations. None of these treatments prevents future infestations.
Green Termite Control
In addition to non-toxic treatments such as heat, cold and electronic methods, there are a few "green" options for treating termites. These methods include boric acid, orange oil and biological controls (other pests that eat or kill termites). These methods have significant limitations that you should discuss with your termite control expert.
Other Methods of Termite Prevention
In parts of the U.S. with considerable subterranean termite activity, builders should incorporate termite control measures in the construction of new homes. These measures can include pressure-treated wood, termite shields, stainless steel mesh termite barriers, and aggregate barriers of sand or basaltic rock.